Privacy Laws and Policies Debate Essay

After review this weeks perusing just as experiencing other understudy contentions concerning why they are against correspondence protection laws and arrangements, I feel much more emphatically about them being significant for progress. The individuals who dread being viewed are the ones who realize they are fouling up. Organizations reserve the privilege to perceive what is happening, they pay the compensations of every representative. In occasions such as today an organization has to realize what is happening inside itself. This implies approaching PCs, email, cell phones alongside observing frameworks in the work place. A portion of my individual cohorts to not concur with a portion of the practices yet per our perusing in Workplace Privacy it remains that â€Å"Under the â€Å"ordinary course of business† exception, for instance, managers may screen email interchanges if the business can show a genuine business reason for doing so† (Friedman, Reed, 2007). On the off chance that representatives realize that they are by and large firmly watched it diminishes the odds of them not working or tricking the organization. Some may contend that from our perusing it says â€Å"While bosses have many genuine motivations to screen employees’ electronic interchanges, they likewise need to consider negative ramifications of expanded representative observing regarding the impact of such practices on worker observations and attitudes† (Friedman, Reed, 2007). For me this doesn't work in such a case that you are terrified of being seen on camera or having somebody experience work things then you are plainly accomplishing something try not to be. Any individual who claims an organization would concur that the most ideal approach to remain in business is recognize what is happening inside your organization. Reference Friedman, B., and Reed, L. (2007, June). Work environment security: Employee relations and legitimate ramifications of observing representative email use. Worker Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 19(2), 75.

Business Sustainability Business Curriculam

Question: Examine about the Business Sustainability for Business Curriculam. Answer: Presentation: The point of the paper is to design a viable procedure utilized for instructing kids at the essential learning level and at the essential level also. The paper is partitioned into Part An and Part B. The initial segment portrays the structure and the depiction of the new and inventive asset to be utilized for educating and the subsequent part is the learning plan that assesses the justification and the value of the instructing plan. There has been expanding mindfulness about the significance of supportability and how an individual may contribute towards a practical situation (Stewart, 2014). It is additionally critical to train the youngsters at youth and essential level about manageability and how they can contribute towards a superior domain. The possibility of the encouraging asset is a book. The principle topic of the book is to make mindfulness among the youngsters on how they will have the option to deal with different circumstances throughout everyday life. As expressed by Dahl, (2015), that life is dynamic and an individual can be confronted with any sort of circumstance. If there should be an occurrence of kids, it turns out to be trying for them to respond at a specific circumstance. Furthermore, it very well may be said that in the ongoing time, World has seen a few such circumstance where individuals stayed in problem about their response. Expanding maintainability issues, natural debasement, decreasing accessibility of assets and other such factors have become essential issues that should be battled (Remington-Doucette et al., 2013). Consequently, it is imperative to incorporate lessons identified with these points among the kids at an essential level or beneath essential level. Section A: Design and portrayal of an instructing asset Drawing of the asset: Materials utilized: The possibility of the asset is a book. It is suggested that the book may be made of cardboard that will give sturdiness to the item. The substance of the book will be composed with printed ink. There will be pictures and pictures to portray the episode obviously and make the exercises increasingly adequate among the youngsters (Fergus, Twigge-Molecey Mcguffin-Cawley, 2013). Aside from the proposed thought of a cardboard book, a similar idea may be applied as digital books also. digital books will be all the more mechanically progressed and there will be the choice of expanding the capacity memory also and along these lines, there will be more alternative of instructing among the instructors (Johnston, 2013). Be that as it may, it is essential to instruct youngsters utilizing a physical book as opposed to utilizing a virtual stage. Since, the idea is to make youngsters mindful of the up and coming circumstance, it is essential to leave certain things for creative mind to the kids tha t they will have the option to respond productively on the circumstance. Guidance for educators: The fundamental target of the proposed book is to make the Children mindful about the conditions and how precisely they will respond to battle the circumstance on the off chance that they are confronted with any sort of circumstance. It is essential to show kids the significance of manageability of condition and that every kid is capable to partake in the improvement of the earth (hman, 2016). It is told to the instructors, to advise about the significance of supportability to the understudies. The following thing is to make them run over various circumstances that the youngsters are relied upon to look in their ordinary exercises. A few instances of the circumstances are: Imagine a scenario where they discover somebody tossing plastic wrapper out and about. What will be the methodology of a kid on the off chance that it sees a canine or a feline in a tough situation? What will a youngster do on the off chance that it goes over a circumstance where it sees that an individual isn't using the assets like water or fuel in a right manner? The reactions of the kids are noted and it depends on the reaction, further instructing methods will be received to draw in the youngsters in future exercises and make them mindful about the occasions that they will attempt on the off chance that they are confronted with any sort of circumstance. After various classes, a test can be taken that will tell about the reaction and the force of the learning of the kids. The educators are required to be agreeable and opened up with the understudies at the hour of showing them since that will make ease among the youngsters that they will be allowed to ask and clear any uncertainty from the instructor (Williams Brown, 2013). Additionally, it must be noticed that the youngsters likewise needed to impart something to their educator or tutors. Along these lines, it is likewise trained that the educator should make center around such perspective also. For the understudies at the essential level, increasingly genuine methodology can be made towards the showing strategy of the youngsters. Significant issues like wellbeing on streets or while dealing with hardware or different machines at home and other such issues that may prevent the manageability of the earth (Wiek et al., 2014). It is additionally expected that the instructor will portray various genuine models and a few or circumstances that may have as of late occurred. This methodology will make everything understood to the understudies and whatever is instructed to them and they will have the option to relate the exercise without any problem. Part B: Learning plan For youth: At the early age kids must be made mindful of the major standards of life that incorporates way and disciplines and the manner in which they can contribute towards a superior society and condition. Along these lines, the arrangement of books implied for the youngsters at the youth will incorporate stories and depictions identified with social graces, things they ought to follow when they visit others house (Blewitt Cullingford, 2013). Simultaneously, they will be shown the methods of drawing closer and act at the circumstances when something dependable don't appear to occur. For Primary matured kids: At the point when the kids arrive at the essential level, they build up a decent degree of information and comprehension. Perusing McLaren, (2015), it has been realized that kids who go to the age of 9 years build up the essential comprehension of specific circumstance and in the event that they are guided appropriately, they may have the option to deal with the circumstance well. The point of the training is to make these youngsters mindful and fit to respond on any sort of circumstance that they need to look anytime of their standard life exercises. Basis of the arrangement: The fundamental issue of the instruction framework is that the essential center made is to show the understudies more the subjects and less about the genuine life exercises. In any case, it is crucial to show kids the fundamental things important to bargain throughout everyday life. Early period of training is the essential stage when youngsters can be educated about the things that are fundamental for a person to follow in their life (Senge et al., 2012). The things that are instructed to the youngsters at the essential level are relied upon to make great effect in their future. The encouraging method utilized at the essential degree of training isn't sufficiently fitting to make the kids fit for taking care of any sort of differing circumstance or to battle against specific difficulties (Sund hman, 2014). Along these lines, when the kids are made to run over certain normal circumstance and they are shown the things that will assist them with reacting fittingly on the specific circumstance then this kind of instructing will be progressively productive. The issue of managing circumstance is picking up significance in the ongoing situation in view of the expanding misbehaviors and different occurrences that has made dread and disturbing circumstance in the general public (Sidiropoulos, 2014). The issues identified with natural changes like expanding contamination or an Earth-wide temperature boost are expanding at a disturbing rate and these issues and issues should be engaged so as to battle with the debasing circumstance. The point of the proposed training asset is to make mindfulness among the youngsters about the earth wellbeing just as for other circumstance that are significant for an individual to respond at any circumstance. The proposed book is comprised of reasonable assets that won't bring on any damage to the earth. Another methodology that has been made about digital book is another acceptable alternative that will hold supportability of nature (Wright Horst, 2013). Be that as it may, as referenced already digital book probably won't be a lot of compelling for the way that it will not make that innovative structure among the students. Connections to instruction for manageability: A few methodologies have been made to remember it for the instruction framework about the methodologies that one should make so as to partake in the manageability of condition. The adequacy of the methodology may be high among the understudies at the optional learning level however it probably won't be successful among the youngsters. As expressed by Yarime et al. (2012) every single individual has equivalent support level for the general public or the earth. Additionally, if youngsters are raised appropriately by showing them fittingly and making them mindful about the significance of manageability and how every individual can be dependable to keep the supportability of nature flawless. Goals of the arrangement: The goal of the proposed arrangement can be set by the methods for a SMART structure. Explicit: The arrangement is to show the kids at early essential and essential level to make mindfulness among them about the manageability of condition. They ought to be instructed on how precisely to respond on a specific circumstance when they are confronted with any such circumstance in their standard life exercises (Hesselbarth Schaltegger, 2014). Quantifiable: The accomplishment of the arrangement can be estimated if a pseudo circumstance is made to recognize the achievement of the arrangement and how well the youngsters have adjusted the educating. It very well may be effectively known by the manner in which the youngsters will respond on the circumstance. Feasible: The goal is effectively feasible if the schools give in any event

Life Maintenance

Life Maintenance Defined succinctly, minimalism, as a lifestyle, is the art of letting go. But its worth noting that letting go is not the destination. In fact, it is not even the road that leads to the destination. Letting go is just the regularly scheduled road maintenance required to keep traffic flowing efficiently. When an actual road is filled with unplowed snow, fallen tree branches, or gaping potholes, it is difficult to traverse. Eventually, with enough obstructions, it becomes impossible. Life is the same: weve cluttered lifes roads with accoutrements, trading purpose for ephemera, and weve lost sight of the destinationâ€"a meaningful life. Minimalism simply clears the roadâ€"not of everything, but of that which is blocking the way. By letting go, we remove the debris, and the destination is easier to find. The scenery is much nicer, too. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Walt Whitman And Dickinson s Views Of Death - 1907 Words

When so much of one’s life is left up to chance, it is nice to know that one can find certainty in death. Whereas life can be moulded to perfection and death is a guarantee, there is no way to tell what one will face following death. There are millions of different cultures, religions, and individual beliefs pertaining to the afterlife, but a definitive answer will never be known. The works of Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson express two very unique interpretations of death and what follows. Both Whitman’s and Dickinson’s views of death include an idea of an afterlife, or of a continuation of the soul post death, but where Whitman welcomes the idea of demise without a trace of fear and his overall view of death is more mystical, Dickinson has a negative view of death and, at times, questions the possibility of an afterlife entirely. Both Whitman and Dickinson share a strong view that there is life after death. Whitman’s view of the afterlife focuses on how all the lives from the past helped to create those of the present. In Canto 6 from Song of Myself, Whitman introduces the theme of grass representing the dead and the impact the deceased still have on the world: And now it seems to me the beautiful uncut hair of graves. (110) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [The dead] are alive and well somewhere, The smallest sprout shows there is really no death, (125-126) This passage shows how life can grow from death. While corpses are buriedShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson And Walt Whitman1719 Words   |  7 Pagesfind a way to insert themselves and their emotions into words that move the readers in some way. One of the most popular periods of writing would be the romanticism era. Some of the most well known authors in this time period were Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman. The reason they are so popular from the Romanticism period is because they also incorporated their transcendental ideas into their work. Romanticism has been described as a Protestantism in the arts and letters, an ideological shift onRead MoreDeath Is Death And The Idea Of Death1290 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpret what you are reading. One such theme is death and the idea of death. Death has always been in the collective conscious of Americans because, it is, well, inevitable. It is most certainly coming for each and every one and is inescapable. A common phrase in today’s culture is â€Å"only two things are certain in this world; death and taxes.† Death has always stirred mysticism and aversion, maybe even fear in the hearts of women, men and children alike. Death, in the past, has come sooner to many due toRead MoreTranscendentalism, A Powerful Intellectual And Philosophical Movement1781 Words   |  8 Pagesintellectuals such as Frederick Douglass, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson have adopted Emerson’s views on individuality and have expressed these ideals through their work. The spirit of individuality and self-reliance, key principles of Transcendentalism, are noted in Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Walt Whitman’s poem â€Å"Song of Myself† and Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Nature (790).† Through their literary work, Douglass, Whitman, and Dickinson share commonalities and differingRead MoreWhitm War Changes A Society1287 Words   |  6 PagesWhitman: War Changes a Society Walt Whitman, a great American poet to be compared to Emily Dickinson and Edgar Allan Poe, exists at the heart of American culture. Whitman’s work has not lost its appeal because it still applies to America in the new millennia; America is still deeply troubled by issues of division, hypocrisy, and racism—much unlike the America of inclusion and forbearance Whitman envisioned for American in Leaves of Grass. Although Leaves of Grass is often considered Whitman’s mostRead MoreThe Value Of Literature Courses1428 Words   |  6 Pagesself, the supernatural, and death. The authors used their perceptions of their surroundings to write about these things but were going through very different experiences. American romanticism would have literary works that describe the landscape of the new frontier, while the British Romantics would stray from the urban growth from industrialism. Compare and contrast Walt Whitman s writing style with Emily Dickinson s writing style. Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman both describe similar subjectsRead MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pageshere. Share this: †¢ Twitter †¢ Facebook †¢ Like this: Like Loading... [pic] 26 Comments on â€Å"CLOSE READINGS† 1. [pic]John Cooper says: July 13, 2011 at 3:36 pm Emily Dickenson’s poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† details the events the narrator experiences after dying. In the poem, the narrator is driven around in a horse-drawn carriage to several places, including a schoolyard, a field of wheat, and a house sunken in the ground. However, a deeper readingRead MoreWalt Whitman s Life And Accomplishments1731 Words   |  7 PagesAgnes Nikuze Mr. Taylor Walt Whitman December 3 2014 Walt Whitman Walt Whitman is an inspiration to many, one can not really understand America with out him. Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819. He had nine siblings including him, he was also the son of Walter Whitman who was a house builder and Louisa van veils or was his mother. They lived in Brooklyn and Long Island in the 1820s and the 1830s. When Whitman turned twelve years oldRead MoreEmily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop For Death1249 Words   |  5 PagesDickinsons most famous work, Because I Could Not Stop for Death is generally considered to be one of the great masterpieces of American poetry (GALE). Dickinson experienced an emotional crisis of an undetermined nature in the early 1860s. Her traumatized state of mind is believed to have inspired her writing. In this particular poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death,† the deceased narrator of the poem reminisces about that material day when Death came seeking for her. In stanza one of the poem, theRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe / Emily Dickinson3782 Words   |  16 Pagespaper will be Emily Dickinson and Edgar Allan Poe. Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century. The romantic period saw an overflowing of emotions, with â€Å"lyrical ballads† maintaining that all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling. The romantic period in American literature, which included writers like Washington Irving, Emerson, Thoreau, Emily Dickson, Edgar Allen Poe, Nathanial Hawthorne, Walt Whitman, Herman MelvilleRead MoreAmerican Renaissance (Literature)1541 Words   |  7 PagesHISTORIC POINT OF VIEW: 1830-1880 In the nineteenth century, America was seen as the land of promise, the land of future. Travellers, like Alexis de Tocqueville, arrived to find the most unequivocal proofs of prosperity and rapid progress in agriculture, commerce, and great public works. (Democracy in America, 1835) They saw a nation in full enjoyment of prolonged prosperity. The nation territory now comprised thirty-one states, with a population of approximately twenty-three million people

Bvs Supply Chain Management Case - 983 Words

Nicolas Maalouf ID: 120265 International operation and supply chain management ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Strengths: ï‚ · - BVS has assured its relative independence from its corporate ï‚ · parent in the US - number 2 in its field. ï‚ · - The hiring effort focused on scientists, and junior ï‚ · management. - Aggressive investment in Research; Strong and innovative ï‚ · RD Department. ï‚ · - Intensive growth in current sales and projected sales ï‚ · - Dynamic, entrepreneurial, and ambitious head of purchasing department and have an international experience. ï‚ · - High-tech machinery, BVS most advanced on the market.ï‚ · - BVS sustain good relations with their supplier. ï‚ · ï‚ · Opportunities: ï‚ · - Forceful investments in the pharmaceutical industry, ï‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦- The market was dominated by a handful of companies. The outer surroundings - the situation outside BVS Risks and Opportunities The case enlightens a main problem directly related to the process of manufacturing of new critical product; some delays in RD schedule due to the difficulties of supplying some key ingredients. That cut in supply chain can generate an immense disorder in expected figures; indeed the interruption can enlarge the valley between BVS and competitors especially Marbelpharm. In addition, serious risk can be in attendance if Wildgras may not satisfy BVS demand in the coming years or if the market can’t supply chemical materials necessary for production. In other hand, independency of BVS division is menaced and the Mother Corporation can take control of its management in order to adjust traditional management and deal with the situation in an American approach to hold back and resolve departments’ confrontation and accelerate the chain enrolment. If the new strategy helps for building-up the company, i n that case BVS can catch the booming market and the new cooperation with â€Å"WildGrass NJ† will generate a new era of prosperity and BIOLOGICAL VACCINE SCIENCE – BVS Michel Philippart 2012 International operation and supply chain management MIB 32 may work together on two new vaccines that improve BVS sales using young managers and researchers that can drive innovations safely from suppliers toShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Oil And Gas Management3223 Words   |  13 Pages DUNDEE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS DIVISON OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT MSc. OIL AND GAS MANAGEMENT Student Name: HENRY ETHEKON YANAE Student Number: 1307728 Module Code: MT1135A Module Title: OIL AND GAS MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY Module Tutor’s Name: AVRAMENKO, ALEX DR. Title: AN ANALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING ADOPTED BY EXAMINING FACTORS IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR TULLOW OIL PLC. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 2. CompanyRead MoreTrends In Automotive Industry Implication On Supply Chain Management2234 Words   |  9 PagesWhite Paper Trends in the Automotive Industry Implications on Supply Chain Management Author Michael Schwarz February 2008 Cisco Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG) Cisco IBSG Copyright  © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. White Paper Trends in the Automotive Industry Implications on Supply Chain Management Recent emphasis on global climate change is increasing pressure on automotive executives to make the right decisions in many areas, including RD and manufacturingRead MoreThe Role of Transport within the Supply Chain Essay1964 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is the role of Transport within the Supply Chain? 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Boston Beer HBS Case Free Essays

Disadvantages of an PIP The company will face underwriting costs associated with the PIP. A failed PIP could be costly both in financial assets and in firm reputation. Complying with regulatory reporting standards will create additional costs that are not present in a private company. We will write a custom essay sample on Boston Beer HBS Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Incorporating the company may have negative tax implications for the current owners. Current shareholders who do not exit during the PIP will face severe dilution. Management control will decrease because of fiduciary duties to shareholders. This could conflict with the company’s product quality processes and result in a shift toward a short-term earnings focus. Conclusion Although their contract brewing model reduces expected capital expenditures, their labor and marketing intensive sales strategy will require substantial spending to expand into new markets. To meet projected growth, external funds will be needed. Raising these funds entirely from debt would create an unacceptable level of debt for a still growing company; thus equity funding is the preferred option. The company has reached a maturity point where equity can more easily and cheaply raised in public capital markets rather than through venture or private equity firms. Additionally, publicity room the PIP will help with brand recognition in new markets. Given the recent success of competitor Ipso and Boston Beer’s profit margin and growth potential, the risk of a failed PIP is minimal, and most current shareholders intend to sell shares in the PIP reducing dilution concerns. Boston Beer should proceed with the PIP. Question 3-5 (Exhibit 3)– – 1995 Pro Formal Net Sales: All pro formal sales rely upon the assumption that net sales as of September 30, 1 995 represent 75% of expected year-end revenue. Because the firm’s PIP will most likely have a more positive impact on Q sales than his estimate projects, if anything, the prices generated by our models are underestimated, not overestimated. Cost of Debt: BBC explains in its prospectus intent to extinguish outstanding debt carrying interest rates upwards of 1 1 . 5%. Based upon the firm’s low target leverage of 5%, low degree of operating leverage, and favorable credit history and financial outlook, the model assumes a cost of debt in line with AAA corporate debt at 7. 2%. This estimate seems reasonable and sensitivity analysis shows a 1% decrease in the forecasted share price requires at least a 2. % increase in the cost of debt. Risk Free Rate: The six-month and 30-year treasury rates given imply a fairly flat yield curve. Due to the relatively short forecast period and the short-term risk characteristics of this industry, the model uses the six- month rate as the risk free rate in calculating the cost of equity. 9 95 Net Working Capital Requirement: In order to calculate the change in NC over 1 996, the model assumes sass’s year-end NC is composed of the existing September 30, 1 995 balance plus Of fourth quarter net sales due to the firm’s rationalization strategy. CAP: Historical analysis shows an average 3. 3% capital intensity ratio. Based on a likely decrease in efficiency due to rapid expansion, the model forecasts a 3% capital intensity ratio–this includes restricted investments (Exhibit 1). Depreciation: Depreciation was not included in the calculation of free cash flows because net CAP was used. 1995 Value of Debt: Boston Beer’s debt is private, so the market value will be very similar to, if not exactly the same as, its book value. – –Question The underwriting prospectus for the PIP suggests a share price of $12. 50 per hare, which is the starting point for analyzing the different scenarios. In order to determine the scenario that was most realistic, we attempted to rule out the ones that were not and a summary of our analysis is found in Exhibit 4. 1) First we analyzed the information asymmetry in the PIP. The offering presents information about almost 1. 5 million shares offered in the PIP from current stockholders. It is unlikely that management are willing to offer shares at $12. 50 if the fair market value really is $29 per share, thus weakening the belief in the second scenario. 2) Analysts’ expectations and comparable metrics. Analys ts are generally very positive in regards to the Craft Brewing Segment, expecting continued growth in 1995. A conservative market share estimate of 5% of the total domestic beer market by 2000 compared to only 1. 4% in 1994. In addition, both Pet?s Brewing Company and Redbook Ale Brewery have recently completed successful Pip’s resulting in growing share prices. These factors both build up expectations for Bib’s upcoming PIP and are likely to be incorporated in Bib’s PIP price. This might mean that BBC will be trading at a slight expectation premium above what the fair value of the company is, thus strengthening the reliability of the first scenario with a stock price of $12. 3. In addition, by comparing PIE ratios of Pet’s Brewing Company, 1 00, and Redbook Ale Brewery, 36, with BBC for the three different scenarios weakens the third scenario because of an implied PIE ratio of 17. 9, which is below both of the two comparable companies. The first scenario giving an implied P/E ratio of 41. 9 and the second scenario showing an implied PIE ratio of 99. 9 are tooth around the two competitors’ PIE ratios, strengthening the plausibility of these scenarios when looking at the P/E ratio isolated. 3) We also used industry growth trends to compare the expected sales of BBC in 2000, considering a constant market share, to the 2000 sales forecasted in each scenario. The results allowed us to rule out the third scenario because the sales forecasted in 2000 are less than half of what we would expect with conservative assumptions of the craft industry growth. The other two scenarios were fairly close to the expected revenues in 2000. 4) The second scenario was ruled out when analyzing the growth trends of BBC in recent years. BBC has already undergone rapid growth and we expect that high growth phase to taper Off sooner rather than later. Ten more years Of high growth is unreasonable and unrealistic. Lastly, the second scenario can be ruled out again when looking at revenues projected for 2006. If the craft brewing industry grew to ten percent of the total domestic beer market by 2006, which is an aggressive assumption, then BBC would have to double its current percentage of market share in the craft industry. We also find that assumption fairly unreasonable due to the competitive nature of the craft industry now and into the future. How to cite Boston Beer HBS Case, Papers

The origins of English Drama Essay Example

The origins of English Drama Essay The Origins of Drama: an Introduction The word drama comes from the Greek meaning to act, do or perform, and It Is In the several subtle and diverse meanings of to perform that drama can be said to have begun. All communities accept that their later drama has roots in prehistory. Anthropologists have shown that primitive societies used (and in certain cases still use) role-playing in teaching the codes and behavior required to live and survive in that society; for example, to teach the skills needed in knowing what and how to hunt, the making and use of weapons and the rules of warfare. Performance could be involved in oral repetition to teach the laws and social customs, while enactment of mythical or historical episodes perpetuates and transmits what is thought important to maintain In the race-memory of the tribe. Most early societies lived by a seasonal cycle, a regular pattern allied to the movements of the sun or moon, and perhaps related to the movement of prey, or to seedtime and harvest, and drama was especially Important In devising rituals to deal with the Inexplicable, the changing seasons, the natural phenomena of night and day, or the waxing and waning of the non. We will write a custom essay sample on The origins of English Drama specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The origins of English Drama specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The origins of English Drama specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Without propitiation with certain symbolic ceremonial safeguards or sacrifices, the sun might not rise again, the crops might fail. All humankind has, and had, concerns with life and death and has evolved ceremonies and rituals to help deal with the perennial questions of where did I come from? and where do I go after death? These were usually answered by some kind of belief in an outside power, an almighty being or beings, to give the hope of an after-life, to avoid extinction at death. Thus the invention of gods happened to provide a liaison between this world and the ext and societal rituals would encompass Joy, hope, and renewal, or death, despair and foreboding. Omens became important and had to be Interpreted by wise men, perhaps Involving Impersonation, and disguise, In punctiliously performed ceremonies to appease or placate the gods. Rules for communal living would gradually be agreed: incest might be banned, but witchcraft allowed within given limits; murder be condoned for some offences but avenged for others. Most societies would include rituals of purification, perhaps for menstruating women or after childbirth, and ordeals for children to undergo in order to attain adulthood and acceptance into full membership of the community. And all this would be taught and learnt through oral tradition, through story-telling and through performances and enactments passed down from generation to generation. All societies seem to have had these ritual traditions in one form or another from which spoken drama often, but not always, emerged. It is these ritual and community roots that later dramatists have drawn on In trying to express humanity concern with life and death In both tragedy and comedy. In the early communities everyone was Involved In the drama f a ceremonial ritual, perhaps with Impersonation and Identification with priestly roles, or as characters depicted in enactments, or simply as celebrants but it was when the occasion became a performance by some in front of others as an entertainment. However since the sixteenth century, the two terms have become synonymous with both words loosely understood as meaning the representation of a story enacted by actors in front of an audience. Most communities have some mention of folk drama derived from oral storytelling becoming a narrative in dialogue, but by its nature oral storytelling is mostly unrecorded, and histories are parse and fragmentary. It is thought that music and dance associated with death and rejuvenation is represented in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs from around BEECH but little more is known about Egyptian practices. Although Herodotus wrote about an Egyptian temple ceremony involving a mock battle, and implies this was an annual event, nothing is known about any spoken drama. In China music is believed to have existed in BEECH, scribes wrote of rituals and religious worship accompanied by music and dance from BEECH, and of emperors who were reproved for enjoying theatrical performances by actors. However, written classical Chinese poetic drama is only recorded from the sass BCC. In India the beginnings of spoken drama are uncertain but it is also thought to have derived from earlier dramatic dances and mimes related to ancient rituals and seasonal celebrations, and to have appeared about the same time as the Greeks began writing their plays. Some authorities suggest Indian dramatic writings were influenced by the influx of Greek culture after the invasion by Alexander the Great in BEECH. For Greece, and in particular Athens, is credited with the beginnings of performing plays in front of an audience as we understand them today. Greek Drama We have many of the texts of actual plays performed in Greece from around BEECH. Knowledge of them became widespread because European culture was founded on the classical authors of Greece and Rome. From the Renaissance until the twentieth century a formal education in a European school was based on, or at least included, Latin authors such as Virgil and Cicero, and plays by Seneca and Terrace. The Greek texts used included stories from The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer; and many of the plays first performed centuries before by Aeschylus and Aristotelian, Sophocles and Meander, as well as the writings of philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. The performances of plays in the Greek culture were as part of a religious festival not in the sense of a ritual offering of an art in the form of drama but as a celebration with and for the god. Slowly the drama was becoming theatre with the God as the most important spectator. Usually, but not exclusively the performance was for the god Dionysus, and it is believed the theatre developed from the Dionysian cult- festivals and the seasonal celebrations and rituals for crop sowing and harvesting. Some of the earliest representations of theatrical performance from the 6th century BCC show actors dressed as animals or birds. We know a little of how Dionysus may have been worshipped from Aristotelian play Chariness in which he mocks a peasant familys Dionysian feast. They recite a prayer and then the family walks in the sacrifice, a slave carrying a phallus, the father singing a bawdy phallic song, the wife watching from the house roof. This gives us prayer, a procession, the diathermy (a certain kind of rough lyric verse) and the sacrifice, which may have originally been a man but later became a goat and then fruit or other foodstuff. Occasionally the procession was combined with the symbolic wedding of the wife of a leading citizen to Dionysus in the temple. Dionysus was represented in person at this time as a bearded long-haired mature man with two little horns on his forehead as a sign of unbounded energy. This later became a sign for adultery. The crown of ivy and the burgeoning thirsty (a ritual staff of narthexs or fennel twined with and vine leaves and capped with a pine cone) showed he was not affected by seasonal changes. In procession he was preceded by virgins and followed by Bacchanals dressed as satyrs in goatskins, or in wine-stained garments and with faces smeared with wine dregs. Some of the Bacchanals represented the dead with horrifying death masks and grave loathes. The popular name for the satyrs was traits, which means goat; they sang a tragic or goat song from which eventually came tragedy. Dramatic songs and dances were performed at the sacrificial site, the temple. In parallel with this solemn religious festival there grew up the comic phallic sports, with choruses of young men coming after the official procession, often in their chariots, singing improvised, witty, and probably bawdy, songs. The young men were called cosmos and their songs were called comedies. It is believed that drama developed from narrative songs in the diathermy verse, first even by a single person and later performed by a chorus. At first there was no identification of characters by separate voices but eventually a second voice was introduced and at least part of the sung narrative became dialogue. Thesis is credited with introducing this innovation and is by tradition considered the first actor. He was said to come from Scoria, which had links with the Dionysus legend. Dionysus is supposed to have been friends with Caries the King. Thesis is thought to have started in the provinces with a chorus, traveling with a cart on which he stood o give a solo performance in spoken verse independently of the chorus. The actor could play the hero or the god and the chorus respond as the soldiers or the worshippers or whatever was required by the story. And from this came the style of Greek tragedy with its use of a chorus and first one then two and then three actors playing the single voice parts, and the development of dramatic action. All this came about not solely for entertainment but for a religious festival usually in honor of Dionysus, although it is believed the acting troupes would travel the country and resent the plays for suitable occasions outside the actual festivals. We know there were earlier dramatists whose works have not survived, although some names such as Princess are known, but the first play texts we know of are by Aeschylus who was born in BEECH. Only some seven of Aeschylus plays have survived from what is believed to be a total of around seventy and it is not even certain which of his writings deserves the honor of having been shown first. There is scholarly debate as to whether it was Suppliants (Supplies) or The Persians works is The Roasters which is a complete trilogy presented at a festival for Dionysus n Athens in BEECH In the earliest plays the single voice is subordinated to the chorus and the story is told in the interchanges between him and the chorus, but Aeschylus added a second actor and then the two could address each other without the chorus. We know quite a lot about Aeschylus from an anonymous biography of uncertain date and uncertain sources. But some of the information is confirmed from comments by others. He was certainly honored as a great writer in his lifetime; his plays won the City Dionysian thirteen times, and some of those victories were after his death in BEECH. He said of himself that what he wrote were slices from Homer. He retired to Sicily and was buried at Gel with an epitaph he had composed: Here lies Aeschylus of Athens, son of Euphoria, who died in fertile Gel, and whose prowess the long-haired Made experienced on the celebrated battle of Marathon. The dramatists had to rehearse their own plays and usually took a part themselves so they had to be proficient not so much as actors but in singing and dancing, for this is how the plays were presented. Aristotelian, when he mocked Aeschylus in The Frogs, had him say that it was he who gave new poses to the chorus, and he is ported as being innovative in making the Nudeness (the Furies) in The Roasters rush disheveled into the orchestra. Sophocles, (chic- BEECH) for his part, was also reported to have been a fine singer and dancer. He added a third actor and limited the size of the chorus to fifteen, which increased the possibilities of conversational exchange. He was said to have introduced scenic decoration and dressed his actors in long-sleeved formal robes. There are seven surviving texts of his plays. These are more about characters such as Oedipus or Made in an overwhelmingly tragic tuitions than the explorations of wider moral dilemmas that Aeschylus wrote. There are nineteen plays by Euripides (chic- BEECH), which are different again from either of the others in his dramatic use of language but the themes of his plays are less powerful and at times almost incomprehensible. The best known are probably The Beach and The Trojan Women. We know less about the Greek comedies because few have survived but scholars have differentiated three kinds. Firstly the Old Comedy encompassed Aristotelian, and whilst it is certain there were others writing in the same style, only his works have survived. The characters in the Old Comedy are grotesques in bawdy, vulgar satire intermixed with buffoonery, but it is a genre especially distinguished by the use of the chorus who speak directly to the audience, a style called the parabolas. In the Middle Comedy chic-BBC there was more direct political reference, no parabolas and more colloquial language. Only fragments of these texts remain but they seem to have been more realistic and more domestic. Then around the time of Alexander, BEECH, the New Comedy appeared, as seen in the fragments of plays by Meander. The grotesques have gone, mythology has gone, the gods appear very rarely, and the masks, if they were still used, were more realistic. About 4000 lines survive from Meander. His plays are realistic in that there are familiar characters from everyday life with more emphasis on their human behavior and on the correction of social manners. Where the Greek dramatists were writing for festival presentation and the kudos that would ensue, the Roman theatre was commercial and the dramatists wrote for money or patronage. Phallus and Terrace adapted Greek originals. It is known that they used the plays of Meander, and others whose work has not survived, from the Greek New Comedy. The Roman writers kept the same kinds of metrical pattern for the dialogue, gave longer lines for chanting and lyric forms for the songs. They kept the Greek costume and masks and the basic types of conventional young men in love, a clever, tricky or sly slave, a pimp, a parasite a dirty old man, etc. At the same time in both Greek and Roman societies there was unliterary comedy. Burlesque farces from Meager in Greece, and influences from Southern Italy and Sicily, in Rome, which seem to have included music, comic songs, mime and dance. This genre was known as Fibula Telltale after the town Tattle. It is believed that the separate art of mime originated with this genre, but it also influenced the taste of the Roman audiences for grotesques and farce. So that there was reversion back to the Old Comedy in the adaptations Phallus and others made of the New Comedy to suit the taste of the Roman public. Phallus (chic-BEECH) certainly wrote for money. He went by the name of Titus Mucus (which meant Buffoon) Phallus (which meant flat-footed) but his original name is unknown. Its thought he was born in Umbra from where he went to Rome and worked as a stage hand and then as an actor, and eventually gained Roman citizenship. He wrote many popular plays, which are the earliest complete Latin literature that we have, and which are more or less in the form in which they were written. His plays were different from run-of-the-mill farces, although he had to broaden the Greek original and added elements from the Telltale farces and in a way ranged back to the style of Aristotelian. It is thought too that masks were used more than they had been in Meanders works. He adds scenes to his sources to allow for more tricks and deceptions, and often has many loose ends, but he has a verbal dexterity and plays with the language, using witty alliteration, assonance and bombast. He gave his audience sentimental realism and farcical burlesque and often mixes spoken colloquial dialogue with the lyrical. His characters have little development and rely upon usual stock types: the comic slave intriguing, blustering, impertinent, irascible old men and available women. There are no surprises; the audience knows what to expect, but Phallus extends theatrical technique by using comic irony more fully than Meander or Aristotelian. He lets his audience in on all the secrets from the beginning and then delights them with the mistakes the characters make because of facts not known to them but known to the audience. His lay Miles Glorious, about Pyrotechnics the Swaggering Soldier, has two plots and many loose ends. Money is usually important in his plays and he often mixes Roman attitudes, events or elements into a play nominally set in Athens, or, as this one, in Ephesus. But Phallus wrote for the masses, and the masses liked it. Terrace, who wrote cobble, was a much more literary writer. He came to Rome as a His master freed him and gave him his name, Eternities Afar. He aimed for the smile rather than the guffaw and his characters were usually the elegant men about Rome, conscious of their manners and annoyed by their elders old fashioned ideas. Although the setting might be elsewhere. For his plays differed from his Greek sources in that the manners and behavior were Roman with Roman attitudes to women and slaves, with lots of sentimental posturing. He used the same repertoire as Meander and the same stylistic conventions but he aims for greater realism and has less flamboyance than Phallus, with what we see as psychological analysis. His prologues also show him more at home with his masters friends, or at least with a more literate and thoughtful audience than Phallus. Perhaps not surprisingly his plays were not very popular with the general public in his lifetime but they have nice become most influential in the development of European drama. Seneca was the other Roman dramatist whose work has come down to us. He was born around BCC in Spain and lived under both Tuberous and Caligula. He offended Claudia and then later became tutor and adviser to Nero. He shows some inconsistencies in his writings and seems to have swayed with the current political wind. His plots are taken from Greek sources but there is no balance in his treatments, they are sensational and rhetorical rather than poetic, bathetic rather than pathetic, with little motivation or development of character. Nevertheless, some academic refuse to dismiss his work out of hand and suggest that he was deliberately writing grotesque parodies even travesties of the Greek models in a philosophical commentary on the sordid world in which he lived. It is thought his plays were not written to be performed but read and perhaps thus able to be more thoughtfully considered than would be the case in performance. Like Terrace he has helped to form later European drama and was particularly influential on the Renaissance dramatists. The term Renaissance is usually attributed to the nineteenth century Swiss art writer Jacob Bureaucrat in his book The Civilization of he Renaissance in Italy of 1860 and people have accepted his definition in hindsight. He set out the idea that there was an almost spontaneous re-birth in interest about the classics, in classical art and literature. But an earlier writer, in the sixteenth century, Giorgio Vassar, often seen as the Medici PR man for artistic affairs, wrote in his The Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects around 1550:- about the rise of the arts to perfection, their decline and their restoration or renaissance. Historians are not agreed that one can set any specific dates for the Renaissance but t is usually agreed that a rural Medieval feudal society gradually changed to an urban mercantile society with more centralized political institutions, a commercial economy and growing lay patronage of the arts and music, sometime around the 14th century in Italy and this spread to rest of Europe through 16th and 17th centuries, and that this was a period of renewed interest in the arts of the classical past. There had been drama before this. There are records of popular comic theatre presented by traveling troupes, and of religious plays and theatrical celebrations at Christian festivals, although many clergy thought plays as such sinful. But much of plays written as a religious didactic tool used Roman forms. The Shimmering nun, Wraiths chic AD, modeled her plays on Terrace, while other religious plays have recognizable language from Latin writers. There were also theatrical representations or kinds of tableaux on a feast day or other special occasion. In Italy these were known as sacred representations and were often given by a confraternity. These used very elaborate staging effects of all kinds long before such settings were used in staging secular entertainments. However the start of an academic classical interest n theatre seems to have begun with the find of a manuscript copy in 1427 of some of the comedies of Terrace and Phallus which led to attempts to present these and other classical plays in what was thought to be the original manner. An Academy was formed in Rome by the scholar Julius Pompons Latest (1425-1498) a leading humanist, specifically to study and present ancient Latin plays, mainly those of Phallus. Oddly the most irreverent and bawdy of the Roman dramatists. Latest was fanatically devoted to what he understood by the customs of ancient Rome and even was said to refuse to learn Greek in case it spoilt his Latin. The Academy was oppressed by Pope Paul II in 1468 for its political aims and pagan spirit and Latest and his companions were imprisoned and tortured. But the interest in classical arts and literature continued and the translations into English of many Latin texts in the sixteenth century brought the plays to England, where the Elizabethan dramatists such as Marathon plundered the plots of Seneca. , or like Johnson tried to emulate his style. T. S Eliot wrote about SÃ ©ances influence on Elizabethan thought and said SÃ ©ances influence upon dramatic form, upon versification, and language, upon sensibility and thought, must in the end be all estimated together. And asserted that when an Elizabethan hero or villain dies, he usually dies in the odor of Seneca by which he seems to mean that, like Seneca, the Elizabethan heroes do not often have an honorable death but include disgrace, violation even dismemberment whether deserved or not. Aristotle taught that tragedy should purge humankind through pity for the protagonist and fear of our own weaknesses, but Seneca and his heirs showed that we are all guilty and we live in a world of cruelty and suffering. The gods could no longer be placated by dramatic ritual and ceremonies as in the origins of drama.